ETF Investments and inverted yield curves

In this post, I discuss a very popular topic in the financial news recently. The term “inverted yield curve” has come up quite a bit. Many consider it as a good indicator of a recession. So here, I will review the fundamentals on what a yield curve is. Then, I’ll comment on its relevance to ETF investors.

The Yield Curve

The yield curve visualizes U.S. treasury bond yields at various times to maturity. As of August 20, 2019, the yield curve looked like this.

Yield curve on August 20, 2019. source: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield
Yield curve on August 20, 2019. source: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield

I’ve highlighted with asterisks (*) the yield on the two and ten year treasuries. So, these bond maturities had yields of 1.50% and 1.55%. These two maturities are often picked to represent short-term vs. long-term investments in U.S. treasury bonds. That spread, or difference in yields, is 0.05% as of August 20, 2019. Of course, if we chose “short-term” as 1 year, then indeed we would have an inverted yield curve with a spread of -0.17%. In any case, the two-to-ten year spread is very small, as compared to what has been seen so far in 2019.

Spread between two and ten year U.S. treasury bonds. source: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yieldYear&year=2019
Spread between two and ten year U.S. treasury bonds. source: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yieldYear&year=2019

What does a smaller (or negative) spread mean?

The general argument is that demand for longer term bonds is growing as investors flee the volatility of the stock market. This flight to bonds, or preferably bond ETFs, does seem to be prudent, particularly for investors with high concentrations of stock investments seeking to better manage stock market risk. So, I would argue that, if you have a well diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds, one can largely ignore all this discussion of the inverted yield curve. Instead, investors should focus on their own risk tolerance and long-term goals, as all markets correct themselves from time to time.

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ETFMathGuy is a subscription-based education service for investors interested in using commission-free ETFs in efficient portfolios.

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